El control del tráfico aéreo, también conocido como ATC (del inglés Air Traffic Control), es un servicio proporcionado por controladores situados en tierra, que guían a las aeronaves en los espacios aéreos controlados y ofrecen información y apoyo a los pilotos en los espacios aéreos no controlados. Su objetivo es proporcionar seguridad, orden y eficiencia al tráfico aéreo. Dependiendo del tipo de vuelo y de la clase de espacio aéreo, el controlador puede ofrecer instrucciones de obligado cumplimiento, o bien consejos que los pilotos pueden desestimar a discreción. En cualquier caso, el piloto es la última autoridad en la operación de la aeronave y puede, en caso de emergencia, desviarse de las instrucciones ATC para mantener la seguridad del vuelo.

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Air traffic control (ATC) is a service provided by ground-based controllers who direct aircraft on the ground and through controlled airspace, and can provide advisory services to aircraft in non-controlled airspace. The primary purpose of ATC worldwide is to prevent collisions, organize and expedite the flow of air traffic, and provide information and other support for pilots. In some countries, ATC plays a security or defensive role, or is operated by the military. To prevent collisions, ATC enforces traffic separation rules, which ensure each aircraft maintains a minimum amount of empty space around it at all times. Many aircraft also have collision avoidance systems, which provide additional safety by warning pilots when other aircraft get too close. In many countries, ATC provides services to all private, military, and commercial aircraft operating within its airspace. Depending on the type of flight and the class of airspace, ATC may issue instructions that pilots are required to obey, or advisories (known as flight information in some countries) that pilots may, at their discretion, disregard. The pilot in command is the final authority for the safe operation of the aircraft and may, in an emergency, deviate from ATC instructions to the extent required to maintain safe operation of their aircraft.

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