El tráfico de órganos consiste en el transporte y cesión de órganos con el fin de obtener un beneficio económico. Esta actividad se considera ilegal en gran parte del mundo. En las últimas décadas defensores de los derechos humanos han denunciado casos de presunto tráfico de órganos en China y otros países, como la antigua Yugoslavia y Mozambique. El tráfico de órganos es también el tema de una popular leyenda urbana.

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Organ trade is the trade of human organs, tissues or other body parts for the purpose of transplantation. There is a global need or demand for healthy body parts for transplantation, far exceeding the numbers available. As of 2011, about 90,000 people were reported to be waiting for a new organ. On average, an individual will wait three and a half years for an organ to become available for transplant. There is a worldwide shortage of organs available for transplantation, yet commercial trade in human organs was at one point illegal in all countries except Iran. The legal status of organ trade, however, is changing around the world. For example, in 2013, both Australia and Singapore legalized financial compensation for living organ donors. Trade in human organs is illegal in many jurisdictions in a number of ways and for various reasons, though organ trafficking is widespread, as is transplant tourism. The data on the extent of the black market is difficult to obtain. The question of whether to legalize and regulate the organ trade to combat illegal trafficking and organ shortage is hotly debated.

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