En anatomía, el término mesenterio, se usa para designar a repliegues planos del peritoneo, constituidos por dos hojas unidas de membrana serosa, entre las cuales corren vasos sanguíneos, linfáticos y nervios. Se extienden desde la pared abdominal posterior hasta diferentes vísceras, proporcionándoles sostén y llevándoles irrigación, drenaje linfático e inervación.

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The word mesentery is derived from the Greek mesos, "in the middle" and enteron, an "intestine". The term mesentery is used for the small intestine and mesenteric organ is sometimes used to refer to the rest of the mesentery that incorporates the mesocolon, mesoappendix, mesosigmoid and mesorectum. Conventional teaching had described the mesocolon as a fragmented structure with all the named parts–the ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid mesocolons, mesoappendix, and mesorectum as separately terminating their insertion into the posterior abdominal wall. In 2012 following detailed microscopic and electron microscopic examinations, the mesocolon was shown to be a single, continuous structure that commenced from the duodenojejunal flexure and extended to the level of the distal mesorectum.This simpler concept has enabled much advance to be made in different aspects of surgery on the colon and rectum.It has also had implications for sciences related to surgery, anatomy, and development.

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