Los vertebrados (Vertebrata) son un subfilo muy diverso de cordados que comprende a los animales con espina dorsal o columna vertebral, compuesta de vértebras. Incluye casi 62 000 especies actuales y muchos fósiles. Los vertebrados han logrado adaptarse a diferentes ambientes, incluidos los más difíciles e inhóspitos. Aunque proceden inicialmente del medio dulceacuícola, han conseguido evolucionar en el mar y pasar posteriormente al medio terrestre. El término «vertebrata», usado en sentido amplio, es sinónimo de "Craniata", e incluye los mixinos, que no poseen auténticas vértebras; si se usa Vertebrata en sentido estricto (solo los cordados con vértebras), debe excluirse dicho grupo. Sin embargo, hay nuevas evidencia que postula que los mixinos sí deberían ser incluidos.

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Vertebrates /ˈvɜːrtᵻbrᵻts/ comprise all species of animals within the subphylum Vertebrata /-ɑː/ (chordates with backbones). Vertebrates represent the overwhelming majority of the phylum Chordata, with currently about 64,000 species described. Vertebrates include the jawless fish and the jawed vertebrates, which include the cartilaginous fish (sharks and rays) and the bony fish. A bony fish clade known as the lobe-finned fishes is included with tetrapods, which are further divided into amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and birds. Extant vertebrates range in size from the frog species Paedophryne amauensis, at as little as 7.7 mm (0.30 in), to the blue whale, at up to 33 m (108 ft). Vertebrates make up less than five percent of all described animal species; the rest are invertebrates, which lack vertebral columns. The vertebrates traditionally include the hagfish, which do not have proper vertebrae, though their closest living relatives, the lampreys, do. Hagfish do, however, possess a cranium. For this reason, the vertebrate subphylum is sometimes referred to as "Craniata" when discussing morphology. Molecular analysis since 1992 has suggested that hagfish are most closely related to lampreys, and so also are vertebrates in a monophyletic sense. Others consider them a sister group of vertebrates in the common taxon of craniata.

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