Los lípidos son un conjunto de moléculas orgánicas (la mayoría biomoléculas), que están constituidas principalmente por carbono e hidrógeno y en menor medida por oxígeno. También pueden contener fósforo, azufre y nitrógeno. Debido a su estructura, son moléculas hidrófobas (insolubles en agua), pero son solubles en disolventes orgánicos no polares como la bencina, el benceno y el cloroformo lo que permite su extracción mediante este tipo de disolventes. A los lípidos se les llama incorrectamente grasas, ya que las grasas son solo un tipo de lípidos procedentes de animales y son los mas ampliamente distribuidos en la naturaleza. Los lípidos cumplen funciones diversas en los organismos vivientes, entre ellas la de reserva energética (como los triglicéridos), estructural (como los fosfolípidos de las bicapas) y reguladora (como las hormonas esteroides).

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In biology, lipids comprise a group of naturally occurring molecules that include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins (such as vitamins A, D, E, and K), monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, phospholipids, and others. The main biological functions of lipids include storing energy, signaling, and acting as structural components of cell membranes. Lipids have applications in the cosmetic and food industries as well as in nanotechnology. Scientists may broadly define lipids as hydrophobic or amphiphilic small molecules; the amphiphilic nature of some lipids allows them to form structures such as vesicles, multilamellar/unilamellar liposomes, or membranes in an aqueous environment. Biological lipids originate entirely or in part from two distinct types of biochemical subunits or "building-blocks": ketoacyl and isoprene groups. Using this approach, lipids may be divided into eight categories: fatty acids, glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, sphingolipids, saccharolipids, and polyketides (derived from condensation of ketoacyl subunits); and sterol lipids and prenol lipids (derived from condensation of isoprene subunits). Although the term lipid is sometimes used as a synonym for fats, fats are a subgroup of lipids called triglycerides. Lipids also encompass molecules such as fatty acids and their derivatives (including tri-, di-, monoglycerides, and phospholipids), as well as other sterol-containing metabolites such as cholesterol. Although humans and other mammals use various biosynthetic pathways both to break down and to synthesize lipids, some essential lipids cannot be made this way and must be obtained from the diet. The word lipid stems etymologically from the Greek lipos (fat).

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