Los pterosaurios (Pterosauria, del griego para "lagartos alados") son un clado de saurópsidos arcosaurios voladores que existieron durante casi toda la Era Mesozoica (228 a 66 millones de años). Fueron los primeros vertebrados en conquistar el aire. Sus alas estaban formadas por una compleja membrana sostenida por el cuarto dedo de la mano, que estaba hipertrofiado. Su cuerpo estaba cubierto de pelo, preservado en fósiles de al menos tres especies distintas. Los fósiles de pterosaurios son muy comunes y se han hallado centenares de especímenes en África, Asia, Australia, Europa, Norteamérica y Sudamérica. Los pterosaurios no son dinosaurios, aunque sí convivieron con ellos durante decenas de millones de años. El término "dinosaurio" está restringido a ciertos grupos de reptiles con una postura erguida única (el superorden Dinosauria, el cual incluye a las aves), y por lo tanto excluye a los pterosaurios, así como a varios grupos de reptiles marinos extintos como los ictiosaurios, plesiosaurios y mosasaurios. Los pterosaurios son también frecuentemente denominados como "pterodáctilos", particularmente por periodistas. Este uso es desaconsejado. "Pterodáctilo" se refiere específicamente a los miembros del género Pterodactylus, y más ampliamente a los miembros del suborden Pterodactyloidea.

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Pterosaurs (/ˈtɛrəˌsɔːr, ˈtɛroʊ-/; meaning "winged lizard") are flying reptiles of the extinct clade or order Pterosauria. They existed from the late Triassic to the end of the Cretaceous (228 to 66 million years ago). Pterosaurs are the earliest vertebrates known to have evolved powered flight. Their wings were formed by a membrane of skin, muscle, and other tissues stretching from the ankles to a dramatically lengthened fourth finger. Early species had long, fully toothed jaws and long tails, while later forms had a highly reduced tail, and some lacked teeth. Many sported furry coats made up of hair-like filaments known as , which covered their bodies and parts of their wings. Pterosaurs spanned a wide range of adult sizes, from the very small anurognathids to the largest known flying creatures of all time, including Quetzalcoatlus and Hatzegopteryx. Pterosaurs are often referred to in the popular media and by the general public as "flying dinosaurs", but this is scientifically incorrect. The term "dinosaur" is restricted to just those reptiles descended from the last common ancestor of the groups Saurischia and Ornithischia (clade Dinosauria, which includes birds), and current scientific consensus is that this group excludes the pterosaurs, as well as the various groups of extinct marine reptiles, such as ichthyosaurs, plesiosaurs, and mosasaurs. Like the dinosaurs, and unlike these other reptiles, pterosaurs are more closely related to birds than to crocodiles or any other living reptile. Pterosaurs are also colloquially referred to as pterodactyls, particularly in fiction and by journalists. Technically, "Pterodactyl" refers only to members of the genus Pterodactylus, and more broadly to members of the suborder Pterodactyloidea of the pterosaurs.

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