La calistenia es un sistema de ejercicio físico en el cual el interés está en los movimientos de grupos musculares más que en la potencia y el esfuerzo. La palabra proviene del griego kallos (belleza) y sthenos (fortaleza). El objetivo es la adquisición de gracia y belleza en el ejercicio. Es la belleza que tiene el cuerpo en movimiento. También es recomendable para hacer trabajar el diafragma en las prácticas de canto lírico. Además, es una disciplina de entrenamiento que con el paso del tiempo está ganando mucha popularidad en el mundo del fitness.

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Calisthenics are exercises consisting of a variety of gross motor movements; often rhythmical and generally without equipment or apparatus. They are, in essence, body-weight training. They are intended to increase body strength, body fitness, and flexibility, through movements such as pulling or pushing oneself up, bending, jumping, or swinging, using only one's body weight for resistance; usually conducted in concert with stretches. When performed vigorously and with variety, calisthenics can provide the benefits of muscular and aerobic conditioning, in addition to improving psychomotor skills such as balance, agility and coordination. Urban Calisthenics is a form of street workout; calisthenics groups perform exercise routines in urban areas. Individuals and groups train to be able to perform advanced calisthenics skills such as muscle ups, bars spins and both front and back levers. Sports teams and military units often perform leader-directed group calisthenics as a form of synchronized physical training (often including a customized "call and response" routine) to increase group cohesion and discipline. Calisthenics are also popular as a component of physical education in primary and secondary schools over much of the globe. In addition to general fitness, calisthenic exercises are often used as baseline physical evaluations for many military organizations, such as the U.S. Army Physical Fitness Test and the U.S.M.C Physical Fitness Test.

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