Una columna es un modo de formación de tropa o de otras unidades militares que marchan una tras otra, ordenadamente. Puede estar constituida por soldados de tropa, buques de una escuadra numerosa, o carros de combate y tropas de infantería (columna blindada). También puede hacer referencia a un conjunto de tropas no permanentes ni reglamentarias como las que participan en una guerra de guerrillas.

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A military column is a formation of soldiers marching together in one or more files in which the file is significantly longer than the width of ranks in the formation. The column formation allowed the unit rapid movement, a very effective charge (due to weight of numbers) or it could quickly form square to resist cavalry attacks, but by its nature only a fraction of its muskets would be able to open fire. The previously prevalent formation, the line, offered a substantially larger musket frontage allowing for greater shooting capability but required extensive training to allow the unit to move over ground as one while retaining the line. It is also applied by modern armies to vehicles, troops and naval vessels.

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