El período Jōmon (縄文時代 Jōmon-jidai?) se inició en Japón aproximadamente en el 14 500 a. C. y dura hasta el 300 a. C., si bien estas fechas están en continuo debate y modificación. Este período, según la Geología Histórica, se desarrolló desde finales del Pleistoceno hasta el comienzo del Holoceno en el archipiélago japonés; y en la historia mundial corresponde al transcurso de la época entre el Mesolítico (o finales del Paleolítico) hasta la época del Neolítico, durante la Edad de Piedra. Cabe mencionar el descubrimiento de la cerámica y el desarrollo de las denominadas "viviendas-foso" (竪穴住居, pit-dwelling）(es decir, viviendas con plantas excavadas en profundidad), entre otros fenómenos culturales.

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The Jōmon period (縄文時代 Jōmon jidai) is the time in Prehistoric Japan from about 16,500 years ago to about 2,300 years ago when Japan was inhabited by a hunter-gatherer culture, which reached a considerable degree of sedentism and cultural complexity. The name "cord-marked" was first applied by the American scholar Edward S. Morse who discovered shards of pottery in 1877 and subsequently translated it into Japanese as jōmon. The pottery style characteristic of the first phases of Jōmon culture was decorated by impressing cords into the surface of wet clay. This pottery, dated to around 16,000 years ago, seems to be the second oldest in the world; the oldest one has now been found in China. Pottery in the Russian Far East, and in Korea is also very old. Jomon period was rich in tools and jewelry made from bone, stone, shell, and antler; pottery figurines and vessels; and lacquered wood. This culture is often compared to pre-Columbian cultures of Pacific Northwest North America because in both regions cultural complexity developed within a primarily hunting-gathering context (with limited use of horticulture).

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