En estadística un estadístico (muestral) es una medida cuantitativa, derivada de un conjunto de datos de una muestra, con el objetivo de estimar o inferir características de una población o modelo estadístico. Más formalmente un estadístico es una función medible T que, dada una muestra estadística de valores , les asigna un número, , que sirve para estimar determinado parámetro de la distribución de la que procede la muestra. Así, por ejemplo, la media de los valores de una muestra (media muestral) sirve para estimar la media de la población de la que se ha extraído la misma; la varianza muestral podría usarse para estimar la varianza poblacional, etc. Esto se denomina como realizar una estimación puntual.

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A statistic (singular) or sample statistic is a single measure of some attribute of a sample (e.g., its arithmetic mean value). It is calculated by applying a function (statistical algorithm) to the values of the items of the sample, which are known together as a set of data. More formally, statistical theory defines a statistic as a function of a sample where the function itself is independent of the sample's distribution; that is, the function can be stated before realization of the data. The term statistic is used both for the function and for the value of the function on a given sample. A statistic is distinct from a statistical parameter, which is not computable because often the population is much too large to examine and measure all its items. However, a statistic, when used to estimate a population parameter, is called an estimator. For instance, the sample mean is a statistic that estimates the population mean, which is a parameter. When a statistic (a function) is being used for a specific purpose, it may be referred to by a name indicating its purpose: in descriptive statistics, a descriptive statistic is used to describe the data; in estimation theory, an estimator is used to estimate a parameter of the distribution (population); in statistical hypothesis testing, a test statistic is used to test a hypothesis. However, a single statistic can be used for multiple purposes – for example the sample mean can be used to describe a data set, to estimate the population mean, or to test a hypothesis.

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