El crecimiento económico es el aumento de la renta o valor de bienes y servicios finales producidos por una economía (generalmente de un país o una región) en un determinado periodo (generalmente en un año). A grandes rasgos, el crecimiento económico se refiere al incremento de ciertos indicadores, como la producción de bienes y servicios, el mayor consumo de energía, el ahorro, la inversión, una balanza comercial favorable, el aumento de consumo de calorías per cápita, etc. La mejora de estos indicadores debería llevar teóricamente a un alza en los estándares de vida de la población.

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Economic growth is the increase in the inflation-adjusted market value of the goods and services produced by an economy over time. It is conventionally measured as the percent rate of increase in real gross domestic product, or real GDP, usually in per capita terms. Growth is usually calculated in real terms – i.e., inflation-adjusted terms – to eliminate the distorting effect of inflation on the price of goods produced. Measurement of economic growth uses national income accounting. Since economic growth is measured as the annual percent change of gross domestic product (GDP), it has all the advantages and drawbacks of that measure. The "rate of economic growth" refers to the geometric annual rate of growth in GDP between the first and the last year over a period of time. Implicitly, this growth rate is the trend in the average level of GDP over the period, which implicitly ignores the fluctuations in the GDP around this trend. An increase in economic growth caused by more efficient use of inputs (such as labor productivity, physical capital, energy or materials) is referred to as intensive growth. GDP growth caused only by increases in the amount of inputs available for use (increased population, new territory) is called extensive growth.

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