La pizarra es una roca metamórfica homogénea de grano fino formada por la compactación por metamorfismo de bajo grado de lutitas. Se presenta generalmente en un color opaco azulado oscuro y estructurada en lajas u hojas planas por una esquistosidad bien desarrollada (pizarrosidad), siendo, por esta característica, utilizada en cubiertas y como antiguo elemento de escritura. La pizarra es una roca densa, de grano fino, formada a partir de rocas sedimentarias arcillosas y, en algunas ocasiones, de rocas ígneas. La principal característica de la pizarra es su división en finas láminas o capas (fisibilidad). Los minerales que la forman son principalmente sericita, moscovita, clorita y cuarzo. Suele ser de color negro azulado o negro grisáceo, pero existen variedades rojas, verdes y otros tonos. Debido a su impermeabilidad, la pizarra se utiliza en la construcción de tejados, como piedra de pavimentación, mesas de billar, e incluso para fabricación de elementos decorativos. La launa es una arcilla magnésica de estructura pizarrosa y color gris azulado, que resulta de la descomposición de las pizarras arcillosas.

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Slate is a fine-grained, foliated, homogeneous metamorphic rock derived from an original shale-type sedimentary rock composed of clay or volcanic ash through low-grade regional metamorphism. It is the finest grained foliated metamorphic rock. Foliation may not correspond to the original sedimentary layering, but instead is in planes perpendicular to the direction of metamorphic compression. A very strong foliation is called "slaty cleavage". It is caused by strong compression causing fine grained clay flakes to regrow in planes perpendicular to the compression. When expertly "cut" by striking parallel to the foliation, with a specialized tool in the quarry, many slates will form smooth flat sheets of stone which have long been used for roofing, floor tiles, and other purposes. Slate is frequently grey in color, especially when seen, en masse, covering roofs. However, slate occurs in a variety of colors even from a single locality; for example, slate from North Wales can be found in many shades of grey, from pale to dark, and may also be purple, green or cyan. Slate is not to be confused with shale, from which it may be formed, or schist. The word "slate" is also used for certain types of object made from slate rock. It may mean a single roofing tile made of slate, or a writing slate. This was traditionally a small smooth piece of the rock, often framed in wood, used with chalk as a notepad or noticeboard, and especially for recording charges in pubs and inns. The phrases "clean slate" and "blank slate" come from this usage.

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