El segundo mundo puede ser resumido como el grupo de países que adhirieron a la llamada experiencia "socialista" (también llamados "socialismo real"), formando una oposición en el plano ideológico al primer mundo. Estos estados se diferenciaban del primer mundo por su rechazo a la cultura liberal y al capitalismo abierto y también se diferenciaban del tercer mundo por su nivel educacional, el tamaño del Estado y el mayor poder relativo. Actualmente se considera Segundo mundo a los países que son economías emergentes, como China, India, Brasil, México, etc. Estos países se caracterizan por un acelerado aumento económico y se consideran en un futuro cercano países de primer mundo.

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The concept of "Second World" was a construct of the Cold War and the term has largely fallen out of use since the revolutions of 1989, although it is still used to describe countries that are in between poverty and prosperity, many of which are now capitalist states. Subsequently, the actual meaning of the terms "First World", "Second World" and "Third World" changed from being based on political ideology to an economic definition. The three world theory has been criticized as crude and relatively outdated for its nominal ordering (1, 2, 3) and sociologists have coined the term "developed", "developing", and "underdeveloped" as replacement terms for global stratification—nevertheless, the three world theory is still popular in contemporary literature and media. This might also cause semantic variation of the term between describing a region's political entities and its people.

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