La semilla, simiente o pepita es cada uno de los cuerpos que forman parte del fruto que da origen a una nueva planta; es la estructura mediante la cual realizan la propagación las plantas que por ello se llaman espermatofitas (plantas con semilla). La semilla se produce por la maduración de un óvulo de una gimnosperma o de una angiosperma. Una semilla contiene un embrión del que puede desarrollarse una nueva planta bajo condiciones apropiadas. También contiene una fuente de alimento almacenado y está envuelta en una cubierta protectora. La semilla más antigua que se conoce corresponde a un fósil encontrado en Bélgica, denominado Runcaria. (Valencia Ávalos, et.al., 2014)

es.wikipedia.org · CC-BY-SA

A seed is an embryonic plant enclosed in a protective outer covering. The formation of the seed is part of the process of reproduction in seed plants, the spermatophytes, including the gymnosperm and angiosperm plants. Seeds are the product of the ripened ovule, after fertilization by pollen and some growth within the mother plant. The embryo is developed from the zygote and the seed coat from the integuments of the ovule. Seeds have been an important development in the reproduction and success of gymnosperms and angiosperms plants, relative to more primitive plants such as ferns, mosses and liverworts, which do not have seeds and use other means to propagate themselves. Seed plants now dominate biological niches on land, from forests to grasslands both in hot and cold climates. The term "seed" also has a general meaning that antedates the above—anything that can be sown, e.g. "seed" potatoes, "seeds" of corn or sunflower "seeds". In the case of sunflower and corn "seeds", what is sown is the seed enclosed in a shell or husk, whereas the potato is a tuber. Many structures commonly referred to as "seeds" are actually dry fruits. Plants producing berries are called baccate. Sunflower seeds are sometimes sold commercially while still enclosed within the hard wall of the fruit, which must be split open to reach the seed. Different groups of plants have other modifications, the so-called stone fruits (such as the peach) have a hardened fruit layer (the endocarp) fused to and surrounding the actual seed. Nuts are the one-seeded, hard-shelled fruit of some plants with an indehiscent seed, such as an acorn or hazelnut.

en.wikipedia.org · CC-BY-SA