Watakushi-shōsetsu (私小説 Watakushi-shōsetsu? también watashi-shōsetsu y shishōsetsu) lit. «Mi novela» es un género literario japonés utilizado para describir la novela escrita en primera persona. El género se inició a partir de la recepción del naturalismo en Japón durante el periodo Taishō. La forma reflejaba una mayor individualidad y una forma más relajada de escritura. Desde sus comienzos, la watakushi-shōsetsu fue un género que también se utilizó para exponer al público el lado oscuro de la sociedad o de la vida del autor. Hay varias reglas generales para la creación de una watakushi-shōsetsu. La historia debe estar ambientada en un escenario natural y debe ser completamente realista. La idea es demostrar que el lenguaje no es transparente y que se puede representar por completo una experiencia real a través de las palabras. La fórmula del protagonista debe ser «autor = protagonista = héroe», de ahí que el autor debe ser el protagonista de la historia. La historia también debe expresar un profundo conocimiento de la literatura y debe incluir referencias al mayor número posible de obras relacionadas con los sentimientos de un personaje. Asimismo, la escritura no debe ser demasiado elaborada. Se cree que las primeras novelas de este género son Hakai (escrita por Tōson Shimazaki en 1906) y Futon (Katai Tayama, 1907). En Hakai, Toson describe a un hombre perteneciente a un sector discriminado de la sociedad japonesa (burakumin) que decide violar la orden de su padre de no revelar su origen. En Futon, Tayama confiesa su afección hacia una alumna. Entre los escritores más notables se encuentran Naoya Shiga y Osamu Dazai.

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I-Novel (私小説 Shishōsetsu, Watakushi shōsetsu) is a literary genre in Japanese literature used to describe a type of confessional literature where the events in the story correspond to events in the author's life. This genre was founded based on the Japanese reception of Naturalism during the Meiji period. Many authors believed form reflected greater individuality and a less constrained method of writing. From its beginnings, the "I-Novel" was a genre that also was meant to expose the dark side of society or the dark side of the author's life. There are several general rules for the creation of an I-Novel: The first and most important was that it was often written from the first person perspective (and this is where the "I" of I-Novel comes from). The Japanese contains a number of different words for "I;" generally, the formal 'watashi' (私) was used in the I-Novel. I-novels attempt to portray a realistic view of the world (thus the genre's ties to Naturalism). As autobiographical works, they involve real experiences to be completely portrayed with language. Because these two concepts were so important to the authors they used the events of their own lives for their subject matter. Many of them were also trained in literary studies, so their works expressed a great knowledge of literature. Additionally, compared to formal writing styles influenced by Chinese literature, used more casual language. The first "I-Novels" are believed to be Hakai (Broken Commandment), written in 1906 by Shimazaki Toson, and Futon (Quilt) written by Tayama Katai in 1907. In Hakai, Toson described a male who was born a member of a discriminated segment of the population (burakumin), and how he decided to violate his father's commandment not to reveal his community of birth. In Futon, the protagonist confesses his affection for a female pupil. Major writers include Naoya Shiga, Osamu Dazai and others. Scandal by Shusaku Endo is a recent example of an "I-Novel"

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