La mitología es un conjunto de mitos relativamente cohesionados: relatos que forman parte de una determinada religión o cultura. También se les denomina mitos a los discursos, narraciones o expresiones culturales de origen sagrado, y que posteriormente fueron secularizados y tratados como discursos relativos a una cultura, a una época o a una serie de creencias de carácter imaginario. Los mitos son relatos basados en la tradición y en la leyenda, creados para explicar el universo, el origen del mundo, los fenómenos naturales y cualquier cosa para la que no haya una explicación simple. Sin embargo, no todos los mitos tienen por qué tener este propósito explicativo. Igualmente, la mayoría de los mitos están relacionados con una fuerza natural o deidad, pero muchos son simplemente historias y leyendas que se han ido transmitiendo oralmente de generación en generación.

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Mythology can refer to the collected myths of a group of people—their collection of stories they tell to explain nature, history, and customs—or to the study of such myths. As a collection of explanatory stories, mythology is a vital feature of every culture. Many sources for myths have been proposed, ranging from personification of nature or personification of natural phenomena, to truthful or hyperbolic accounts of historical events to explanations of existing rituals. Although the term is complicated by its implicit condescension, mythologizing is not just an ancient or primitive practice, as shown by contemporary mythopoeia such as urban legends and the expansive fictional mythoi created by fantasy novels and comics. A culture's collective mythology helps convey belonging, shared and religious experiences, behavioral models, and moral and practical lessons. The study of myth dates back to ancient history. Rival classes of the Greek myths by Euhemerus, Plato, and Sallustius were developed by the Neoplatonists, and later revived by Renaissance mythographers. The nineteenth-century comparative mythology reinterpreted myth as a primitive and failed counterpart of science (E. B. Tylor), a "disease of language" (Max Müller), or a misinterpretation of magical ritual (James Frazer). Recent approaches have rejected conflict between the value of myth and rational thought, often viewing myths as expressions to understand general psychological, cultural, or societal truths, rather than as inaccurate historical accounts.

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