El magnetismo o energía magnética es un fenómeno natural por el cual los objetos ejercen fuerzas de atracción o repulsión sobre otros materiales. Hay algunos materiales conocidos que han sido propiedades magnéticas detectables fácilmente como el níquel, hierro, cobalto y sus aleaciones que comúnmente se llaman imanes. Sin embargo todos los materiales son influidos, de mayor o menor forma, por la presencia de un campo magnético. El magnetismo también tiene otras manifestaciones en física, particularmente como uno de los 2 componentes de la radiación electromagnética, como por ejemplo, la luz.

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Magnetism is a class of physical phenomena that are mediated by magnetic fields. Electric currents and the magnetic moments of elementary particles give rise to a magnetic field, which acts on other currents and magnetic moments. Every material is influenced to some extent by a magnetic field. The most familiar effect is on permanent magnets, which have persistent magnetic moments caused by ferromagnetism. The prefix ferro- refers to iron, because permanent magnetism was first observed in a form of natural iron ore called magnetite, Fe3O4. Most materials do not have permanent moments. Some are attracted to a magnetic field (paramagnetism); others are repulsed by a magnetic field (diamagnetism); others have a more complex relationship with an applied magnetic field (spin glass behavior and antiferromagnetism). Substances that are negligibly affected by magnetic fields are known as non-magnetic substances. These include copper, aluminium, gases, and plastic. Pure oxygen exhibits magnetic properties when cooled to a liquid state. The magnetic state (or magnetic phase) of a material depends on temperature and other variables such as pressure and the applied magnetic field. A material may exhibit more than one form of magnetism as these variables change.

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