Un derivado del petróleo es un producto procesado en una refinería, usando como materia prima el petróleo.Según la composición del crudo y la demanda, las refinerías pueden producir distintos productos derivados del petróleo. La mayor parte del crudo es usado como materia prima para obtener energía, por ejemplo la gasolina. También producen sustancias químicas, que se puede utilizar en procesos químicos para producir plástico y/o otros materiales útiles. Debido a que el petróleo contiene un 2 % de azufre, también se obtiene grandes cantidades de éste. Hidrógeno y carbón en forma de coque de petróleo pueden ser producidos también como derivados del petróleo. El hidrógeno producido es normalmente usado como producto intermedio para otros procesos como el hidrocracking o la hidrodesulfuración.

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Petroleum products are materials derived from crude oil (petroleum) as it is processed in oil refineries. Unlike petrochemicals, which are a collection of well-defined usually pure chemical compounds, petroleum products are complex mixtures. The majority of petroleum is converted to petroleum products, which includes several classes of fuels. According to the composition of the crude oil and depending on the demands of the market, refineries can produce different shares of petroleum products. The largest share of oil products is used as "energy carriers", i.e. various grades of fuel oil and gasoline. These fuels include or can be blended to give gasoline, jet fuel, diesel fuel, heating oil, and heavier fuel oils. Heavier (less volatile) fractions can also be used to produce asphalt, tar, paraffin wax, lubricating and other heavy oils. Refineries also produce other chemicals, some of which are used in chemical processes to produce plastics and other useful materials. Since petroleum often contains a few percent sulfur-containing molecules, elemental sulfur is also often produced as a petroleum product. Carbon, in the form of petroleum coke, and hydrogen may also be produced as petroleum products. The hydrogen produced is often used as an intermediate product for other oil refinery processes such as hydrocracking and hydrodesulfurization.

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