El blefaroespasmo es una anomalía de la función de los párpados, cuyos músculos causan una contracción involuntaria de ellos (enfermedad del grupo de las distonías). Con mucha frecuencia se asocian a espasmos de los músculos de la cara, los que se conocen como enfermedad o síndrome de Meige. Es una enfermedad rara del grupo de las distonías. Esta patología puede provocar dificultad para leer y caminar (ya que se cierran los ojos), morisquetas y deformaciones transitorias en la cara y los párpados. Sus causas de origen son desconocidas. Sin embargo, es importante diferenciarla de otras enfermedades, a través de un estudio que incluya una evaluación oftalmológica, que descarte la presencia de una patología corneal, glaucoma u ojo seco.

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Blepharospasm is any abnormal contraction or twitch of the eyelid. In most cases, symptoms last for a few days then disappear without treatment, but sometimes the twitching is chronic and persistent, causing lifelong challenges. In those rare cases, the symptoms are often severe enough to result in functional blindness. The person's eyelids feel like they are clamping shut and will not open without great effort. People have normal eyes, but for periods of time are effectively blind due to their inability to open their eyelids. In contrast, the reflex blepharospasm is due to any pain in and around the eye. It is of two types: essential and reflex blepharospasm. The benign essential blepharospasm is a focal dystonia—a neurological movement disorder involving involuntary and sustained contractions of the muscles around the eyes. The term essential indicates that the cause is unknown, but fatigue, stress, or an irritant are possible contributing factors. Although there is no cure botulinum toxin injections may help temporarily. A surgical procedure known as myectomy may also be useful. It is a fairly rare disease, affecting only one in every 20,000 people in the United States. The word is from Greek: βλέφαρον / blepharon, eyelid, and σπασμός / spasmos, spasm, an uncontrolled muscle contraction.

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