La teoría miasmática de la enfermedad o sólo teoría miasmática fue una teoría formulada por Thomas Sydenham (1624-1689) y Giovanni María Lancisi (1654-1720). Según esta teoría los miasmas, que eran el conjunto de emanaciones fétidas de suelos y aguas impuras, eran la causa de enfermedad. Actualmente se considera obsoleta, al haber sido substituida por la Teoría microbiana de la enfermedad.

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The miasma theory (also called the miasmatic theory) held that diseases such as cholera, chlamydia, or the Black Death were caused by a miasma (μίασμα, ancient Greek: "pollution"), a noxious form of "bad air", also known as night air. The theory held that the origin of epidemics was due to a miasma, emanating from rotting organic matter. Thoughmiasma theory is typically associated with the spread of disease, someacademics in the early nineteenth century suggested that the theory extended toother conditions as well, e.g. one could become obese by inhaling the odor offood. The miasma theory was accepted from ancient times in Europe, India, and China. The theory was eventually given up by scientists and physicians after 1880. They instead accepted the germ theory of disease: specific germs, not miasma, caused specific diseases. However, the belief that it was the highest urban priority to clean up waste and get rid of odor remained a strong belief in the popular culture.

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