El cólico equino corresponde a un dolor agudo acompañado de predominio vagal que causa espasmos desde el estómago a las últimas porciones intestinales. Es una urgencia veterinaria, que si no es atendida puede terminar con la muerte del paciente: El cólico es más bien un síndrome que un diagnóstico, y abarca todas las causas de dolor abdominal, relacionadas con el tracto digestivo o no.

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Colic in horses is defined as abdominal pain, but it is a clinical sign rather than a diagnosis. The term colic can encompass all forms of gastrointestinal conditions which cause pain as well as other causes of abdominal pain not involving the gastrointestinal tract. The most common forms of colic are gastrointestinal in nature and are most often related to colonic disturbance. There are a variety of different causes of colic, some of which can prove fatal without surgical intervention. Colic surgery is usually an expensive procedure as it is major abdominal surgery, often with intensive aftercare. Among domesticated horses, colic is the leading cause of premature death. The incidence of colic in the general horse population has been estimated between 4 and 10 percent over the course of their lifetime. Clinical signs of colic generally require treatment by a veterinarian.

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