Los icnofósiles (del griego ikhnos: huella, marca) o pistas fósiles son estructuras etológicas fósiles individualmente identificables que reflejan en mayor o menor grado la morfología del organismo productor. Una pista puede estar formada por un sólo elemento (por ejemplo, una madriguera o una pisada) o por varios elementos físicamente separados pero en conexión etológica (por ejemplo un rastro de pisadas o un reguero de pelets).Los icnofósiles son objeto de estudio por parte de la Paleoicnología. Presentan características propias que los hacen identificables y permiten su clasificación como parataxones: icnogéneros e icnoespecies. Es raro que se puedan relacionar de manera inequívoca y precisa con el organismo que los originó, pero en general es posible inferir al menos la categoría taxonómica superior a la que pertenecía el organismo productor.

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A trace fossil, also called an ichnofossil (pronunciation: /ˈɪknoʊfɒsᵻl/; Greek: ιχνος ikhnos "trace, track"), is a geological record of biological activity. Trace fossils may consist of impressions made on the substrate by an organism: for example, burrows, borings (bioerosion), urolites (erosion caused by evacuation of liquid wastes), footprints and feeding marks, and root cavities. The term in its broadest sense also includes the remains of other organic material produced by an organism — for example coprolites (fossilized droppings) or chemical markers — or sedimentological structures produced by biological means - for example, stromatolites. Trace fossils contrast with body fossils, which are the fossilized remains of parts of organisms' bodies, usually altered by later chemical activity or mineralization. Sedimentary structures, for example those produced by empty shells rolling along the sea floor, are not produced through the behaviour of an organism and not considered trace fossils. The study of traces - ichnology - divides into paleoichnology, or the study of trace fossils, and neoichnology, the study of modern traces. Ichnological science offers many challenges, as most traces reflect the behaviour — not the biological affinity — of their makers. Accordingly, researchers classify trace fossils into form genera, based on their appearance and on the implied behaviour of their makers.

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