En geometría, una superficie esférica es una superficie de revolución formada por el conjunto de los puntos del espacio que equidistan de un punto llamado centro. Los puntos cuya distancia es menor que la longitud del radio forman el interior de la superficie esférica. La unión del interior y la superficie esférica se llama bola cerrada en topología, o esfera, como en geometría elemental del espacio.Obviamente, la esfera es un sólido geométrico. La esfera, como sólido de revolución, se genera haciendo girar una superficie semicircular alrededor de su diámetro (Euclides, L. XI, def. 14). Esfera proviene del término griego σφαῖρα, sphaîra, que significa pelota (para jugar). Coloquialmente hablando, se emplea la palabra bola, para describir al cuerpo delimitado por una esfera.

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A sphere (from Greek σφαῖρα — sphaira, "globe, ball") is a perfectly round geometrical object in three-dimensional space that is the surface of a completely round ball, (viz., analogous to a circular object in two dimensions). Like a circle, which geometrically is a two-dimensional object, a sphere is defined mathematically as the set of points that are all at the same distance r from a given point, but in three-dimensional space. This distance r is the radius of the ball, and the given point is the center of the mathematical ball. The longest straight line through the ball, connecting two points of the sphere, passes through the center and its length is thus twice the radius; it is a diameter of the ball. While outside mathematics the terms "sphere" and "ball" are sometimes used interchangeably, in mathematics a distinction is made between the sphere (a two-dimensional closed surface embedded in three-dimensional Euclidean space) and the ball (a three-dimensional shape that includes the sphere as well as everything inside the sphere). The ball and the sphere share the same radius, diameter, and center.

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