La fenomenología (del griego antiguo φαινόμενoν, 'aparición', 'manifestación' y λογος, 'estudio, tratado') es una forma de filosofía que estudia el mundo respecto a la manifestación. La fenomenología es una corriente filosófica, muy amplia y diversa, por lo que difícilmente valdrá una sola definición para todas sus vertientes. Sin embargo, es posible caracterizarla como un movimiento filosófico que llama a resolver todos los problemas filosóficos apelando a la experiencia intuitiva o evidente, que es aquella en la que las cosas se muestran de la manera más originaria o patente. Por eso las diferentes vertientes de la fenomenología suelen discutir constantemente sobre qué tipo de experiencia es relevante para la filosofía y sobre cómo acceder a ella. De ahí también que todas ellas se suelan apropiar del lema "¡A las cosas mismas!", que aplica en realidad para todo conocimiento científico en tanto que conocimiento que apela a la experiencia evidente.

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(This article is about phenomenology in philosophy. For phenomenology as a research method, see Phenomenography. For phenomenology as an approach in psychology, see Phenomenology (psychology).) Phenomenology (from Greek phainómenon "that which appears" and lógos "study") is the philosophical study of the structures of experience and consciousness. As a philosophical movement it was founded in the early years of the 20th century by Edmund Husserl and was later expanded upon by a circle of his followers at the universities of Göttingen and Munich in Germany. It then spread to France, the United States, and elsewhere, often in contexts far removed from Husserl's early work.Phenomenology should not be considered as a unitary movement; rather, different authors share a common family resemblance but also with many significant differences. Accordingly, “A unique and final definition of phenomenology is dangerous and perhaps even paradoxical as it lacks a thematic focus. In fact, it is not a doctrine, nor a philosophical school, but rather a style of thought, a method, an open and ever-renewed experience having different results, and this may disorient anyone wishing to define the meaning of phenomenology”. Phenomenology, in Husserl's conception, is primarily concerned with the systematic reflection on and study of the structures of consciousness and the phenomena that appear in acts of consciousness. Phenomenology can be clearly differentiated from the Cartesian method of analysis which sees the world as objects, sets of objects, and objects acting and reacting upon one another. Husserl's conception of phenomenology has been criticized and developed not only by himself but also by students, such as Edith Stein and Roman Ingarden, by hermeneutic philosophers, such as Martin Heidegger, by existentialists, such as Nicolai Hartmann, Gabriel Marcel, Maurice Merleau-Ponty, Jean-Paul Sartre, and by other philosophers, such as Max Scheler, Paul Ricoeur, Jean-Luc Marion, Emmanuel Levinas, and sociologists Alfred Schütz and Eric Voegelin.

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