El término kamikaze (神風 ''kamikaze''? lit. 'viento divino') de origen japonés, fue utilizado originalmente por los traductores estadounidenses para referirse a los ataques suicidas efectuados por pilotos de una unidad especial perteneciente a la Armada Imperial Japonesa contra embarcaciones de la flota de los Aliados a finales de la Segunda Guerra Mundial. Estos ataques pretendían detener el avance de los aliados en el océano Pacífico y evitar que llegasen a las costas japonesas. Con esta finalidad, aviones cargados con bombas de 250 kilogramos impactaban deliberadamente contra sus objetivos con el afán de hundirlos o averiarlos tan gravemente que no pudieran regresar a la batalla. Aunque hubo diversas unidades suicidas en tierra, mar y aire, esta unidad especial de ataque es la más representativa de su tipo. En Japón no se utiliza con este sentido la palabra kamikaze. Se prefiere el término Shinpū tokubetsu kōgeki tai (神風特別攻撃隊 «Unidad Especial de Ataque Shinpū»?) o su abreviación tokkōtai (特攻隊 'tokkōtai'?). En el resto del mundo el uso de esta palabra se ha extendido y se aplica sin mucho rigor a todo tipo de ataques suicidas, sin importar el método empleado (uso de explosivos, automóviles, etc.) o la nacionalidad del atacante (como en el caso de los Atentados del 11 de septiembre de 2001). Esta unidad especial fue disuelta cuando Japón presentó su rendición incondicional en la Segunda Guerra Mundial y actualmente se cuenta con numerosos registros y testimonios acerca del nacimiento, desarrollo y declive de sus operaciones.

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Kamikaze (神風, [kamikaꜜze] ; "divine wind" or "spirit wind"), officially Tokubetsu Kōgekitai (特別攻撃隊 "Special Attack Unit"), abbreviated as Tokkō Tai (特攻隊), and used as a verb as Tokkō (特攻 "special attack"), were suicide attacks by military aviators from the Empire of Japan against Allied naval vessels in the closing stages of the Pacific campaign of World War II, designed to destroy warships more effectively than was possible with conventional attacks. During World War II, about 3,860 kamikaze pilots died, and about 19% of kamikaze attacks managed to hit a ship. Kamikaze aircraft were essentially pilot-guided explosive missiles, purpose-built or converted from conventional aircraft. Pilots would attempt to crash their aircraft into enemy ships in what was called a "body attack" (体当たり; 体当り, taiatari) in planes laden with some combination of explosives, bombs, torpedoes and full fuel tanks; accuracy was much better than a conventional attack, the payload and explosion larger. A kamikaze could sustain damage which would disable a conventional attacker and still achieve its objective. The goal of crippling or destroying large numbers of Allied ships, particularly aircraft carriers, was considered by the Empire of Japan to be a just reason for sacrificing pilots and aircraft. These attacks, which began in October 1944, followed several critical military defeats for the Japanese. They had long since lost aerial dominance due to outdated aircraft and the loss of experienced pilots. On a macroeconomic scale, Japan suffered from a diminishing capacity for war, and a rapidly declining industrial capacity relative to the Allies. Despite these problems, the Japanese government expressed its reluctance to surrender. However, it soon became apparent that Japan was losing pilots faster than it could train their replacements. In combination, these factors led to the use of kamikaze tactics as Allied forces advanced towards the Japanese home islands. While the term "kamikaze" usually refers to the aerial strikes, it has also been applied to various other suicide attacks. The Japanese military also used or made plans for non-aerial Japanese Special Attack Units, including those involving submarines, human torpedoes, speedboats and divers. The tradition of death instead of defeat, capture, and perceived shame was deeply entrenched in Japanese military culture. It was one of the primary traditions in the samurai life and the Bushido code: loyalty and honour until death, as the Japanese perceived it.

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