La herpetología (del griego «ἑρπετόν», herpeton "animal reptante, que se arrastra", y «-λογία» -logía, tratado, estudio, ciencia) es la rama de la zoología que estudia a los reptiles y anfibios. El estudio de los anfibios beneficia al conocimiento del estado del ambiente, porque son muy sensibles a las perturbaciones de los ecosistemas, especialmente la contaminación, en parte porque su primer desarrollo se produce en ambientes acuáticos frecuentemente poco extensos o temporales. Algunos venenos y toxinas producidas por los reptiles y los anfibios son útiles en la medicina humana;[cita requerida] por ejemplo, el estudio de los venenos de ciertas serpientes se investiga en busca de fármacos anticoagulantes.

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Herpetology (from Greek "herpien" meaning "to creep") is the branch of zoology concerned with the study of amphibians (including frogs, toads, salamanders, newts, and caecilians (gymnophiona)) and reptiles (including snakes, lizards, amphisbaenids, turtles, terrapins, tortoises, crocodilians, and the tuataras). Batrachology is a further subdiscipline of herpetology concerned with the study of amphibians alone. Herpetology is concerned with poikilothermic, ectothermic tetrapods. Under this definition "herps" (or sometimes "herptiles" or "herpetofauna") exclude fish, but it is not uncommon for herpetological and ichthyological scientific societies to "team up", publishing joint journals and holding conferences in order to foster the exchange of ideas between the fields. One of the most prestigious organizations, the American Society of Ichthyologists and Herpetologists, is an example of this. Many herpetological societies exist today, having been formed to promote interest in reptiles and amphibians both captive and wild. Herpetology offers benefits to humanity in the study of the role of amphibians and reptiles in global ecology, especially because amphibians are often very sensitive to environmental changes, offering a visible warning to humans that significant changes are taking place. Some toxins and venoms produced by reptiles and amphibians are useful in human medicine. Currently, some snake venom has been used to create anti-coagulants that work to treat stroke victims and heart-attack cases.

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