Un tractor oruga es un dispositivo de transporte utilizado principalmente en vehículos pesados, como tanques y tractores, u otro tipo de vehículos. Consiste en un conjunto de eslabones modulares que permiten un desplazamiento estable aun en terrenos irregulares. La mayoría de las orugas forman parte de un cinturón flexible con un conjunto de eslabones rígidos unidos unos a otros fuertemente. Los eslabones ayudan al vehículo a distribuir el peso en una superficie mayor que la que hubiera tenido con el empleo de ruedas, y esto hace que pueda moverse por un número mayor de superficies sin hundirse debido a su propio peso. Por ejemplo, la presión que ejerce un automóvil sobre el suelo es igual aproximadamente a 207 kPa, mientras que las setenta toneladas que pesa un carro M1 Abrams ejercen una presión sobre el firme de 103 kPa.

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Continuous track, also called tank tread or caterpillar track, is a system of vehicle propulsion in which a continuous band of treads or track plates is driven by two or more wheels. This band is typically made of modular steel plates in the case of military vehicles and heavy equipment, or synthetic rubber reinforced with steel wires in the case of lighter agricultural or construction vehicles. The large surface area of the tracks distributes the weight of the vehicle better than steel or rubber tyres on an equivalent vehicle, enabling a continuous tracked vehicle to traverse soft ground with less likelihood of becoming stuck due to sinking. The prominent treads of the metal plates are both hard-wearing and damage resistant, especially in comparison to rubber tyres. The aggressive treads of the tracks provide good traction in soft surfaces but can damage paved surfaces, so some metal tracks can have rubber pads installed for use on paved surfaces. Continuous tracks can be traced back as far as 1770 and today are commonly used on a variety of vehicles including bulldozers, excavators, tanks, and tractors, but can be found on any vehicle used in an application that can benefit from the added traction, low ground pressure and durability inherent in continuous track propulsion systems.

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