El bicarbonato de sodio (también llamado bicarbonato sódico, hidrogenocarbonato de sodio, carbonato ácido de sodio o bicarbonato de soda) es un compuesto sólido cristalino de color blanco soluble en agua, con un ligero sabor alcalino parecido al del carbonato de sodio (aunque menos fuerte y más salado que este último), de fórmula NaHCO3. Se puede encontrar como mineral en la naturaleza o se puede producir artificialmente. Cuando se expone a un ácido moderadamente fuerte se descompone en dióxido de carbono y agua. La reacción es la siguiente: \n* NaHCO3 + HCl → NaCl + H2O + CO2 (gas) \n* NaHCO3 + CH3COOH → NaCH3COO + H2O + CO2 (gas) Debido a la capacidad del bicarbonato de sodio de liberar dióxido de carbono se usa junto con compuestos acídicos como aditivo leudante en panadería y en la producción de gaseosas. Algunas levaduras panarias contienen bicarbonato de sodio. Antiguamente se usaba como fuente de dióxido de carbono para la gaseosa Coca Cola. Es el componente fundamental de los polvos extintores de incendios o polvo BC.

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Sodium bicarbonate (IUPAC name: sodium hydrogen carbonate) is a chemical compound with the formula NaHCO3. It is a salt composed of sodium ions and bicarbonate ions. Sodium bicarbonate is a white solid that is crystalline but often appears as a fine powder. It has a slightly salty, alkaline taste resembling that of washing soda (sodium carbonate). The natural mineral form is nahcolite. It is a component of the mineral natron and is found dissolved in many mineral springs.It is among the food additives encoded by the European Union, identified as E 500.Since it has long been known and is widely used, the salt has many related names such as baking soda, bread soda, cooking soda, and bicarbonate of soda. In colloquial usage, the names sodium bicarbonate and bicarbonate of soda are often truncated. Forms such as sodium bicarb, bicarb soda, bicarbonate, bicarb, or even bica are common. The word saleratus, from Latin sal æratus meaning "aerated salt", was widely used in the 19th century for both sodium bicarbonate and potassium bicarbonate. The prefix "bi" in "bicarbonate" comes from an outdated naming system and is based on the observation that there is twice as much carbonate (CO3) per sodium in sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) as there is carbonate per sodium in sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) and other carbonates. The modern way of analyzing the situation based on the exact chemical composition (which was unknown when the name "sodium bicarbonate" was coined) says this the other way around: there is half as much sodium in NaHCO3 as in Na2CO3 (Na versus Na2).

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