Carbonización o carbonificación es el proceso en virtud del cual restos orgánicos acumulados en estratos de la corteza terrestre en épocas pasadas, van perdiendo hidrógeno, oxígeno y nitrógeno y aumentando su proporción de carbono.

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Carbonization (or carbonisation) is the term for the conversion of an organic substance into carbon or a carbon-containing residue through pyrolysis or destructive distillation. It is often used in organic chemistry with reference to the generation of coal gas and coal tar from raw coal. Fossil fuels generally are the products of the carbonization of vegetable matter. The term carbonization is also applied to the pyrolysis of coal to produce coke. Carbonization is also a stage in the charcoal making process, and is considered the most important step of all since it has such power to influence the whole process from the growing tree to the final distribution of charcoal to various sources. In the wool processing industry, carbonising is the name for a chemical process by which vegetable matter is removed from wool, it is part of the wool scouring process.

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