Erwinia amylovora es una bacteria de la familia Enterobacteriaceae, patógeno causante del «fuego bacteriano», enfermedad que afecta a diversas especies de plantas de la familia de las rosáceas entre las cuales se encuentran diversas especies frutales, tales como perales (Pyrus), manzanos (Malus), membrillos (Cydonia) y nísperos (Eryobotrya y Mespillus), así como a otras plantas ornamentales y silvestres: Amelanchier, Chaenomeles, Crataegus, Cotoneaster, Photinia davidiana, Pyracantha, Sorbus y las variedades ornamentales de Pyrus y Malus. La sensibilidad de la enfermedad es muy diversa según especies y variedades. Los daños causados pueden ser muy graves, especialmente en peral, puede producir la muerte de la planta afectada en un periodo muy corto de tiempo. Esto aumenta por la gran facilidad de propagación de la enfermedad y porque no hay tratamientos químicos curativos.

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Fire blight, also written fireblight, is a contagious disease affecting apples, pears, and some other members of the family Rosaceae. It is a serious concern to apple and pear producers. Under optimal conditions, it can destroy an entire orchard in a single growing season. The causal pathogen is Erwinia amylovora, a Gram-negative bacterium in the family Enterobacteriaceae. Pears are the most susceptible, but apples, loquat, crabapples, quinces, hawthorn, cotoneaster, pyracantha, raspberry and some other rosaceous plants are also vulnerable. The disease is believed to be indigenous to North America, from where it spread to most of the rest of the world. Fire blight is not believed to be present in Australia though it might possibly exist there. It has been a major reason for a long-standing embargo on the importation of New Zealand apples to Australia. Japan was likewise believed to be without the disease, but it was discovered in pears grown in northern Japan. Japanese authorities are, however, still denying its existence, and the Japanese scientist who discovered it is believed to have committed suicide after his name was leaked to affected farmers. In Europe it is listed as a quarantine disease, and has been spreading along Hawthorn (Crataegus) hedges planted alongside railways, motorways and main roads.

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