A synovial sarcoma (also known as: malignant synovioma) is a rare form of cancer which usually occurs near to the joints of the arm, neck or leg. It is one of the soft tissue sarcomas. It is one of the rarest forms of soft tissue cancer in the world. The name "synovial sarcoma" was coined early in the 20th century, as some researchers thought that the microscopic similarity of some tumors to synovium, and its propensity to arise adjacent to joints, indicated a synovial origin; however, the actual cells from which the tumor develops are unknown and not necessarily synovial. Primary synovial sarcomas are most common in the soft tissue near the large joints of the arm and leg but have been documented in most human tissues and organs, including the brain, prostate, and heart. Synovial sarcoma occurs most commonly in the young, representingabout 8% of all soft tissue sarcomas but about 15-20% of cases in adolescents and young adults. The peak of incidence is before the 30th birthday and males are affected more often than females (ratio around 1.2:1).

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