El aparato digestivo o sistema digestivo es el conjunto de órganos encargados del proceso de la digestión, es decir, la transformación de los alimentos para que puedan ser absorbidos y utilizados por las células del organismo. La función que realiza es la de transporte (alimentos), secreción (jugos digestivos), absorción (nutrientes) y excreción (mediante el proceso de defecación). El proceso de la digestión es el mismo en todos los animales monogástricos: transformar los glúcidos, lípidos y proteínas en unidades más sencillas, gracias a las enzimas digestivas, para que puedan ser absorbidas y transportadas por la sangre.

Leer el artículo completo en Wikipedia · CC-BY-SA

The human digestive system consists of the gastrointestinal tract plus the accessory organs of digestion (the tongue, salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gallbladder). In this system, the process of digestion has many stages, the first of which starts in the mouth (oral cavity). Digestion involves the breakdown of food into smaller and smaller components, until they can be absorbed and assimilated into the body. The secretion of saliva helps to produce a bolus which can be swallowed to pass down the esophagus and into the stomach. Saliva also contains a catalytic enzyme called amylase which starts to act on food in the mouth. Another digestive enzyme called lingual lipase is secreted by some of the lingual papillae on the tongue and also from serous glands in the main salivary glands. Digestion is helped by the mastication of food by the teeth and also by the muscular actions of peristalsis and segmentation contractions. Gastric juice in the stomach is essential for the continuation of digestion as is the production of mucus in the stomach. Peristalsis is the rhythmic contraction of muscles that begins in the esophagus and continues along the wall of the stomach and the rest of the gastrointestinal tract. This initially results in the production of chyme which when fully broken down in the small intestine is absorbed as chyle into the lymphatic system. Most of the digestion of food takes place in the small intestine. Water and some minerals are reabsorbed back into the blood in the colon of the large intestine. The waste products of digestion (faeces) are defecated from the anus via the rectum.

Leer el artículo completo en Wikipedia · CC-BY-SA