El aborto espontáneo o aborto natural es la pérdida de un embrión o feto por causas no provocadas intencionalmente. Se distingue pues del aborto inducido. El término sólo se aplica estrictamente cuando dicha pérdida se produce antes de la semana 20 del embarazo, denominándose a partir de ese momento parto prematuro. A su vez el aborto se puede subdividir en temprano (antes de semana 12) y tardío (después de la semana 12 y hasta las 20 semanas de gestación). El aborto espontáneo puede ser retenido, cuando no se elimina nada, incompleto, cuando no se eliminan todos los productos de la gestación, o completo cuando todo es eliminado por completo. Otros términos para referirse a una pérdida temprana en el embarazo son: \n* Aborto consumado: todos los productos de la concepción salen del cuerpo. \n* Aborto incompleto: sólo algunos de los productos de la concepción salen del cuerpo. \n* Aborto inevitable: no se pueden detener los síntomas y se presenta el aborto espontáneo. \n* Aborto infectado (séptico): el revestimiento del útero o el útero y cualquier producto restante de la concepción resultan infectados. \n* Aborto retenido: el embarazo se pierde y los productos de la concepción no salen del cuerpo.

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Miscarriage, also known as spontaneous abortion and pregnancy loss, is the natural death of an embryo or fetus before it is able to survive independently. Some use the cutoff of 20 weeks of gestation after which fetal death is known as a stillbirth. The most common symptoms of a miscarriage is vaginal bleeding with or without pain. Sadness, anxiety, and guilt may occur. Tissue or clot like material may also come out of the vagina. Risk factors for miscarriage include an older parent, previous miscarriage, exposure to tobacco smoke, obesity, diabetes, and drug or alcohol use, among others. In those under the age of 35 the risk is about 10% while it is about 45% in those over the age of 40. Risk begins to increase around the age of 30. About 80% of miscarriages occur in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy (the first trimester). The underlying cause in about half of cases involves chromosomal abnormalities. Other conditions that can produce similar symptoms include an ectopic pregnancy and implantation bleeding. Diagnosis of a miscarriage may involve checking to see if the cervix is open or closed, testing blood levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and an ultrasound. Prevention is occasionally possible with good prenatal care. Avoiding drugs and alcohol, infectious diseases, and radiation may prevent miscarriage. No specific treatment is usually needed during the first 7 to 14 days. Most miscarriage will complete without additional interventions. Occasionally the medication misoprostol or a procedure such as vacuum aspiration is required to remove the failed pregnancy. Women who are rhesus negative may require Rho(D) immune globulin. Pain medication may be beneficial. Emotional support may help with negative emotions. Miscarriage is the most common complication of early pregnancy. Among females who know they are pregnant, the miscarriage rate is roughly 10% to 20% while rates among all fertilisation is around 30% to 50%. About 5% of females have two miscarriages in a row. Some recommend not using the term "abortion" in discussions with those experiencing a miscarriage in an effort to decrease distress.

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