El Ferrocarril de Birmania, también conocido como el Ferrocarril de la Muerte, el Ferrocarril Tailandia-Birmania y otros nombres similares, fue un ferrocarril entre Bangkok, Tailandia y Rangún, Birmania, construido por el Imperio del Japón durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial para apoyar a sus tropas en la Campaña de Birmania. Para su construcción, se utilizó mano de obra forzada. Aproximadamente 180.000 trabajadores asiáticos (en su mayoría romushas de Indonesia) y 60.000 prisioneros de guerra aliados trabajaron en el ferrocarril. De estos, aproximadamente 90.000 trabajadores asiáticos y 16.000 prisioneros de guerra murieron en directa relación por su participación en el proyecto. Los prisioneros de guerra que perecieron allí incluían 6.318 británicos, 2.815 australianos, 2.490 holandeses y 356 estadounidenses, además de un número menor de canadienses y neozelandeses.

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The Burma Railway, also known as the Death Railway, the Burma–Siam Railway, the Thailand–Burma Railway and similar names, was a 415-kilometre (258 mi) railway between Ban Pong, Thailand, and Thanbyuzayat, Burma, built by the Empire of Japan in 1943 to support its forces in the Burma campaign of World War II. This railway completed the rail link between Bangkok, Thailand and Rangoon, Burma (now Yangon). The line was closed in 1947, but the section between Nong Pla Duk and Nam Tok was reopened ten years later in 1957. Forced labour was used in its construction. More than 180,000—possibly many more—Southeast Asian civilian labourers (Romusha) and 60,000 Allied prisoners of war (POWs) worked on the railway. Javanese, Malayan Tamils of Indian origin, Burmese, Chinese, Thai and other Southeast Asians, forcibly drafted by the Imperial Japanese Army to work on the railway, died in its construction — including 100,000 Tamils alone. 12,621 Allied POWs died during the construction. The dead POWs included 6,904 British personnel, 2,802 Australians, 2,782 Dutch, and 133 Americans. After the end of World War II, 111 Japanese military officials were tried for war crimes because of their brutalization of POWs during the construction of the railway, with 32 of these sentenced to death. No compensation or reparations have been provided to Southeast Asian victims.

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