La sociología del derecho, es aquella rama que estudia los problemas, las implicaciones, objetivos y todo aquello concerniente a las relaciones entre el derecho y la sociedad. A diferencia de la teoría del derecho y de la filosofía política, el principal problema u objeto de estudio de la sociología jurídica es el de la eficacia del derecho. La sociología jurídica es para todos, una rama de la sociología general. Para otros, es una subdisciplina del derecho (En Europa se institucionalizo como disciplina). A nivel general, es una aproximación sociológica al derecho. Los orígenes de la sociología jurídica pueden rastrearse hasta las obras de los clásicos, a saber, Max Weber, Émile Durkheim y Karl Marx. Algunos precursores modernos son Rudolph Von Ihering, Francois Gény, Eugene Ehrlich, Jean Carbonnier, Georges Gurvitch, Roscoe Pound, Axel Hägerström y Renato Treves. Un desarrollo inigualable le han dado a la sociología jurídica Max Weber y Niklas Luhmann, especialmente este último con sus obras Gesellschaft der Gesellschaft y Gesellschaft und Recht, obras que salvo en México y Chile son aún prácticamente desconocidas en el ámbito hispanohablante.

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The sociology of law (or legal sociology) is often described as a sub-discipline of sociology or an interdisciplinary approach within legal studies. Some see sociology of law as belonging "necessarily" to the field of sociology whilst others tend to consider it a field of research caught up between the disciplines of law and sociology. Still others regard it neither as a sub-discipline of sociology nor as a branch of legal studies but as a field of research on its own right within the broader social science tradition. Accordingly, it may be described without reference to mainstream sociology as "the systematic, theoretically grounded, empirical study of law as a set of social practices or as an aspect or field of social experience",. It has been seen as treating law and justice as fundamental institutions of the basic structure of society mediating "between political and economic interests, between culture and the normative order of society, establishing and maintaining interdependence, and constituting themselves as sources of consensus, coercion and social control". Irrespective of whether sociology of law is defined as a sub-discipline of sociology, an approach within legal studies, or a field of research in its own right, it remains intellectually dependent mainly on the traditions, methods and theories of mainstream sociology and, to a lesser extent on other social sciences such as social anthropology, political science, social policy, criminology and psychology; as such, it reflects social theories and employs social scientific methods to study law, legal institutions and legal behavior. More specifically, sociology of law consists of various approaches to the study of law in society, which empirically examine and theorize the interaction between law, legal, non-legal institutions and social factors. Areas of socio-legal inquiry include the social development of legal institutions, forms of social control, legal regulation, the interaction between legal cultures, the social construction of legal issues, legal profession, and the relation between law and social change. Sociology of law also benefits from and occasionally draws on research conducted within other fields such as comparative law, critical legal studies, jurisprudence, legal theory, law and economics and law and literature. Its object encompasses the historical movement of law and justice and their relentless contemporary construction, e.g., in the field of jurisprudence focused on institutional questions conditioned by social and political situations, in interdisciplinary dominions such as criminology, and through analysis of the economic efficiency and the social impact of legal norms.

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