La distimia (del griego clásico δυσθυμία ‘mal humor’), también llamada trastorno distímico, es un trastorno afectivo de carácter depresivo crónico, caracterizado por la baja autoestima y aparición de un estado de ánimo melancólico, triste y apesadumbrado, pero que no cumple todos los patrones diagnósticos de la depresión. Se cree que su origen es de tipo genético-hereditario y que en su desarrollo influirían factores psicosociales como el desarraigo o la falta de estímulos y premios en la infancia, entre otras causas. El término fue utilizado por primera vez por James Kocsis, de la Universidad de Cornell, durante la década de 1970. Un nuevo cambio en la última edición del Manual Diagnóstico y Estadístico de los Trastornos Mentales (DSM-V) es la modificación categórica de la distimia cuyo nombre ha sido remplazado por Trastorno Depresivo Persistente.

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Dysthymia (/dɪsˈθaɪmiə/ dis-THY-mee-ə, from Ancient Greek δυσθυμία, "bad state of mind"), sometimes also called neurotic depression, dysthymic disorder, or chronic depression, is a mood disorder consisting of the same cognitive and physical problems as in depression, with less severe but longer-lasting symptoms. The concept was coined by Robert Spitzer as a replacement for the term "depressive personality" in the late 1970s. According to the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, published in 1994 (DSM-IV), dysthymia is a serious state of chronic depression, which persists for at least two years (one year for children and adolescents). Dysthymia is less acute and severe than major depressive disorder. As dysthymia is a chronic disorder, sufferers may experience symptoms for many years before it is diagnosed, if diagnosis occurs at all. As a result, they may believe that depression is a part of their character, so they may not even discuss their symptoms with doctors, family members, or friends. Dysthymia often co-occurs with other mental disorders. A "double depression" is the occurrence of episodes of major depression in addition to dysthymia. Switching between periods of dysthymic moods and periods of hypomanic moods is indicative of cyclothymia, which is a mild variant of bipolar disorder. In the DSM-5, dysthymia is replaced by persistent depressive disorder (PDD). This new condition includes both chronic major depressive disorder and the previous dysthymic disorder. The reason for this change is that there was no evidence for meaningful differences between these two conditions.

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