Una matriz de n por m elementos, es una matriz cuadrada si el número de filas es igual al número columnas, es decir, n = m y se dice, entonces que la matriz es de orden n: Las matrices cuadradas son las más utilizadas en álgebra.

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In mathematics, a square matrix is a matrix with the same number of rows and columns. An n-by-n matrix is known as a square matrix of order n. Any two square matrices of the same order can be added and multiplied. Square matrices are often used to represent simple linear transformations, such as shearing or rotation. For example, if R is a square matrix representing a rotation (rotation matrix) and v is a column vector describing the position of a point in space, the product Rv yields another column vector describing the position of that point after that rotation. If v is a row vector, the same transformation can be obtained using vRT, where RT is the transpose of R.

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