Los equinodermos son un filo de animales deuteróstomos exclusivamente marinos y bentónicos. Su nombre alude a su exclusivo esqueleto interno formado por osículos calcáreos. Poseen simetría pentarradial secundaria, caso único en el reino animal, y un sistema vascular acuífero característico. Existen aproximadamente unas 7.000 especies actuales más unas 13.000 que ya se han extinguido, ya que su historia se remonta a principios del Cámbrico, siendo uno de los grupos animales mejor representados en el registro fósil. Los equinodermos son conocidos desde la antigüedad. Aparecen en frescos cretenses de más de 4.000 años, pero no fueron reconocidos como taxón independiente hasta 1847. La ciencia que los estudia se llama equinodermología y el científico se llama un equinodermólogo.

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Echinoderm is the common name given to any member of the phylum Echinodermata (from Ancient Greek, ἐχῖνος, echinos – "hedgehog" and δέρμα, derma – "skin") of marine animals. The adults are recognizable by their (usually five-point) radial symmetry, and include such well-known animals as sea stars, sea urchins, sand dollars, and sea cucumbers, as well as the sea lilies or "stone lilies". Echinoderms are found at every ocean depth, from the intertidal zone to the abyssal zone.The phylum contains about 7000 living species, making it the second-largest grouping of deuterostomes (a superphylum), after the chordates (which include the vertebrates, such as birds, fishes, mammals, and reptiles). Echinoderms are also the largest phylum that has no freshwater or terrestrial (land-based) representatives. Aside from the hard-to-classify Arkarua (a Precambrian animal with echinoderm-like pentamerous radial symmetry), the first definitive members of the phylum appeared near the start of the Cambrian. The echinoderms are important both biologically and geologically. Biologically, there are few other groupings so abundant in the biotic desert of the deep sea, as well as shallower oceans. Most echinoderms are able to regenerate tissue, organs, limbs, and reproduce asexually; in some cases, they can undergo complete regeneration from a single limb. Geologically, the value of echinoderms is in their ossified skeletons, which are major contributors to many limestone formations, and can provide valuable clues as to the geological environment. They were the most used species in regenerative research in the 19th and 20th centuries. Further, it is held by some scientists that the radiation of echinoderms was responsible for the Mesozoic Marine Revolution.

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