Se denomina chapa a una lámina delgada de metal que se utiliza para las construcciones mecánicas tales como carrocerías de automóviles, cisternas de camiones, etc. Las chapas se construyen en varios espesores, generalmente de 1 a 12 milímetros, dependiendo del uso y del tipo de fabricación que tenga. Su mecanizado se realiza en prensas de estampación y de troquelaje mediante punzones y matrices. Las chapas no son solo de metal, sino de cualquier material que sea maleable. Para darles mayor rigidez, a menudo las chapas se pliegan formando grecas, ondas, etc., que aumentan su inercia. Los elementos que se fabrican de chapas metálicas suelen llevar tratamientos superficiales contra la oxidación y corrosión, tales como cromados, pinturas, galvanizados, etc. La hojalata es un tipo de chapa metálica de hierro y estaño muy delgada que se utiliza para fabricar envases de conservas.

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Sheet metal is metal formed by an industrial process into thin, flat pieces. It is one of the fundamental forms used in metalworking and it can be cut and bent into a variety of shapes. Countless everyday objects are constructed with sheet metal. Thicknesses can vary significantly; extremely thin thicknesses are considered foil or leaf, and pieces thicker than 6 mm (0.25 in) are considered plate. Sheet metal is available in flat pieces or coiled strips. The coils are formed by running a continuous sheet of metal through a roll slitter. The thickness of sheet metal is in the USA commonly specified by a traditional, non-linear measure known as its gauge. The larger the gauge number, the thinner the metal. Commonly used steel sheet metal ranges from 30 gauge to about 7 gauge. Gauge differs between ferrous (iron based) metals and nonferrous metals such as aluminum or copper; copper thickness, for example is measured in ounces (and represents the thickness of 1 ounce of copper rolled out to an area of 1 square foot). In the rest of the world the sheet metal thickness is given in millimeters. There are many different metals that can be made into sheet metal, such as aluminum, brass, copper, steel, tin, nickel and titanium. For decorative uses, important sheet metals include silver, gold, and platinum (platinum sheet metal is also utilized as a catalyst.) Sheet metal is used for car bodies, airplane wings, medical tables, roofs for buildings (architecture) and many other applications. Sheet metal of iron and other materials with high magnetic permeability, also known as laminated steel cores, has applications in transformers and electric machines. Historically, an important use of sheet metal was in plate armor worn by cavalry, and sheet metal continues to have many decorative uses, including in horse tack. Sheet metal workers are also known as "tin bashers" (or "tin knockers"), a name derived from the hammering of panel seams when installing tin roofs.

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