El algodón es una fibra textil vegetal que crece alrededor de las semillas de la planta del algodón, un arbusto del género Gossypium, perteneciendo a la familia de las malváceas, originario de las regiones tropicales y subtropicales, hay diferentes especies autóctonas en América, África o la India. La palabra algodón deriva del árabe قُطْن (al) qutn. El algodón es la fibra natural más importante que se produce en el mundo, su importancia empezó en el siglo XIX con el proceso de industrialización y hoy en día todavía representa casi la mitad del consumo mundial de fibras textiles. No todas las especies del género Gossypium tienen valor comercial, las fibras se obtienen de la semilla de unas pocas especies, la longitud y el grueso de la fibra dependen de su procedencia.

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Cotton is a soft, fluffy staple fiber that grows in a boll, or protective case, around the seeds of the cotton plants of the genus Gossypium in the family of Malvaceae. The fiber is almost pure cellulose. Under natural conditions, the cotton bolls will tend to increase the dispersal of the seeds. The plant is a shrub native to tropical and subtropical regions around the world, including the Americas, Africa, and India. The greatest diversity of wild cotton species is found in Mexico, followed by Australia and Africa. Cotton was independently domesticated in the Old and New Worlds. The fiber is most often spun into yarn or thread and used to make a soft, breathable textile. The use of cotton for fabric is known to date to prehistoric times; fragments of cotton fabric dated from 5000 BC have been excavated in Mexico and between 6000 BC and 5000 BC in the Indus Valley Civilization. Although cultivated since antiquity, it was the invention of the cotton gin that lowered the cost of production that led to its widespread use, and it is the most widely used natural fiber cloth in clothing today. Current estimates for world production are about 25 million tonnes or 110 million bales annually, accounting for 2.5% of the world's arable land. China is the world's largest producer of cotton, but most of this is used domestically. The United States has been the largest exporter for many years. In the United States, cotton is usually measured in bales, which measure approximately 0.48 cubic meters (17 cubic feet) and weigh 226.8 kilograms (500 pounds).

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