Corea (hangul: 한국, romanización revisada: hanguk)? se refiere a los Estados Chosŏn (chosŏn'gŭl: 조선, hancha: 韓國, RR: Joseon)? en Corea del Norte o Hanguk (hangul: 한국, hanja: 韓國, MR: Han'kuk, lit. «Pueblo de los Han»)? en Corea del Sur; la nación o al pueblo Hanminjok (hangul: 한민족)?; la lengua Hangugeo (hangul: 한국어, hanja: 韓國語)? o Joseonmal (chosŏn'gŭl: 조선말)?; y el rasgo geográfico Hanbando (hangul: 한반도)?, todos relacionados con los Estados que hoy en día se llaman República Popular Democrática de Corea (RPDC) (conocida también como Corea del Norte o Norcorea) y República de Corea (conocida también como Corea del Sur o Surcorea). Corea comprendía la península de Corea, que se extiende a lo largo de 1000 km de norte a sur. La península limita al norte con China y Rusia. Al este se encuentra el mar del Este, después del cual se halla el vecino Japón. Además de la península, Corea cuenta con alrededor de 3200 islas. La cadena montañosa de Taebaeksan corre a lo largo de la costa oriental, donde las grandes olas del mar del Este han esculpido enormes acantilados e islotes rocosos. Las laderas del sur y del oeste presentan un relieve suave, que forma llanuras y una multitud de pequeñas islas con caletas. La península posee paisajes hasta tal punto hermosos de ríos y montañas que los coreanos consideran que su país es un brocado magníficamente bordado. La cumbre más alta es la montaña Baekdusan, en Corea del Norte, que se eleva 2744 msnm, en la frontera septentrional que colinda con China.

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Korea is a historical state in Northeast Asia, since 1945 divided into two distinct sovereign states: North Korea (officially the "Democratic People's Republic of Korea") and South Korea (officially the "Republic of Korea"). Located on the Korean Peninsula, Korea is bordered by China to the northwest and Russia to the northeast. It is separated from Japan to the east by the Korea Strait and the East Sea. Korea emerged as a singular political entity after centuries of conflict among the Three Kingdoms of Korea, which were unified as Later Silla to the south and Balhae to the north. Later Silla divided into three separate states during the Later Three Kingdoms period. Later Goguryeo (Goryeo), which had succeeded Goguryeo, defeated the two other states and united the Korean Peninsula. Around the same time, Balhae collapsed and its last remaining crown prince fled south to Goryeo, where he was accepted into the imperial family. Goryeo (also spelled as Koryŏ), whose name developed into the modern exonym "Korea", was a highly cultured state that created the world's first metal movable type in 1234. However, multiple invasions by the Mongol Yuan Dynasty during the 13th century greatly weakened the nation, which eventually agreed to become a vassal state after decades of fighting. Following the Yuan Dynasty's collapse, severe political strife followed, and Goryeo eventually fell to a coup led by General Yi Seong-gye, who established Joseon in 1388. The first 200 years of Joseon were marked by relative peace and saw the creation of the Korean alphabet by Sejong the Great in the 14th century and the increasing influence of Confucianism. During the later part of the dynasty, however, Korea's isolationist policy earned it the Western nickname of the "Hermit Kingdom". By the late 19th century, the country became the object of imperial design by the Empire of Japan. Despite attempts at modernization by the Korean Empire, in 1910, Korea was annexed by Japan and remained a part of Imperial Japan until the end of World War II in August 1945. In 1945, the Soviet Union and the United States agreed on the surrender of Japanese forces in Korea in the aftermath of World War II, leaving Korea partitioned along the 38th parallel, with the North under Soviet occupation and the South under U.S. occupation. These circumstances soon became the basis for the division of Korea by the two superpowers, exacerbated by their inability to agree on the terms of Korean independence. The Communist-inspired government in the North received backing from the Soviet Union in opposition to the pro-Western government in the South, leading to Korea's division into two political entities: North Korea (formally the Democratic People's Republic of Korea), and South Korea (formally the Republic of Korea). This eventually led to the Korean War in 1950, which ended in a stalemate without a formalized peace treaty, a factor that contributes to the high tensions which continue to divide the peninsula.

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