El calendario es una cuenta sistematizada del transcurso del tiempo, utilizado para la organización cronológica de actividades. Se trata de un conjunto de reglas o normas que tratan de hacer coincidir el año civil con el año trópico. Antiguamente, muchos estaban basados en los ciclos lunares, perdurando su uso en el calendario musulmán, en la fecha de varias fiestas religiosas cristianas y en el uso de la semana (correspondiente a las cuatro fases lunares, aproximadamente). En la actualidad, la mayor parte de los calendarios tienen por referencia el ciclo que describe la Tierra alrededor del Sol y se denominan calendarios solares. El calendario sideral se fundamenta en el movimiento terrestre respecto de otros astros diferentes al Sol.

es.wikipedia.org · CC-BY-SA

A calendar is a system of organizing days for social, religious, commercial or administrative purposes. This is done by giving names to periods of time, typically days, weeks, months, and years. A date is the designation of a single, specific day within such a system. A calendar is also a physical record (often paper) of such a system. A calendar can also mean a list of planned events, such as a court calendar or a partly or fully chronological list of documents, such as a calendar of wills. Periods in a calendar (such as years and months) are usually, though not necessarily, synchronized with the cycle of the sun or the moon. The most common type of pre-modern calendar was the lunisolar calendar, a lunar calendar that occasionally adds one intercalary month to remain synchronised with the solar year over the long term. The calendar in most widespread use today is the Gregorian calendar, introduced in the 16th century by Pope Gregory XIII as a modification of the Julian calendar, which was itself a modification of the ancient Roman calendar.The term calendar itself is taken from calendae, the term for the first day of the month in the Roman calendar, related to the verb calare "to call out", referring to the "calling" of the new moon when it was first seen.Latin calendarium meant "account book, register" (as accounts were settled and debts were collected on the calends of each month). The Latin term was adopted in Old French as calendier and from there in Middle English as calender by the 13th century (the spelling calendar is early modern).

en.wikipedia.org · CC-BY-SA