Recesión o Estado en recesión, en macroeconomía, es la disminución o pérdida generalizada de la actividad económica de un país o región, medida a través de la bajada, en tasa anual, del Producto Interior Bruto (PIB) real, durante un periodo suficientemente prolongado. No existe acuerdo en la doctrina acerca de cuál es dicho periodo, si bien, con el tiempo ha venido a extenderse la opinión emitida por Julius Shiskin en un artículo publicado en el diario New York Times en 1975 en torno a dos trimestres consecutivos de caída como plazo definitorio para el término.

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In economics, a recession is a negative economic growth for two consecutive quarters. It is also a business cycle contraction which results in a general slowdown in economic activity. Macroeconomic indicators such as GDP (gross domestic product), investment spending, capacity utilization, household income, business profits, and inflation fall, while bankruptcies and the unemployment rate rise. Recessions generally occur when there is a widespread drop in spending (an adverse demand shock). This may be triggered by various events, such as a financial crisis, an external trade shock, an adverse supply shock or the bursting of an economic bubble. Governments usually respond to recessions by adopting expansionary macroeconomic policies, such as increasing money supply, increasing government spending and decreasing taxation.

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