La capitalización de mercado, o capitalización bursátil, es una medida de una empresa o su dimensión económica, y es igual al precio por acción en un momento dado multiplicado por el número de acciones en circulación de una empresa de capital abierto, e indica el patrimonio disponible para la compra y venta activa en la bolsa. Al propietario de las existencias se representa como propietario de la empresa, incluidos todos sus activos. La capitalización puede representar a la opinión pública de una empresa y el patrimonio neto es un factor determinante en la valoración de existencias. Del mismo modo, la capitalización de los mercados de valores o regiones económicas pueden ser comparados con otros indicadores económicos. Mientras mayor sea la capitalización, la empresa tiene más capital con que trabajar.

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Market capitalization (market cap) is the market value at a point in time of the shares outstanding of a publicly traded company, being equal to the share price at that point of time times the number of shares outstanding. As outstanding stock is bought and sold in public markets, capitalization could be used as an indicator of public opinion of a company's net worth and is a determining factor in some forms of stock valuation. Market capitalization is used by the investment community in ranking the size of companies, as opposed to sales or total asset figures. It is also used in ranking the relative size of stock exchanges, being a measure of the sum of the market capitalizations of all companies listed on each stock exchange. (See List of stock exchanges.) In performing such rankings, the market capitalizations are calculated at some significant date, such as 30 June or 31 December. The total capitalization of stock markets or economic regions may be compared to other economic indicators. The total market capitalization of all publicly traded companies in the world was US$51.2 trillion in January 2007 and rose as high as US$57.5 trillion in May 2008 before dropping below US$50 trillion in August 2008 and slightly above US$40 trillion in September 2008. In 2014 and 2015, global market capitalization was US$68 trillion and US$67 trillion, respectively.

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