La información es un conjunto organizado de datos procesados, que constituyen un mensaje que cambia el estado de conocimiento del sujeto o sistema que recibe dicho mensaje. Existen diversos enfoques para el estudio de la información: \n* En biología, la información se considera como estímulo sensorial que afecta al comportamiento de los individuos. \n* En computación y teoría de la información, como una medida de la complejidad de un conjunto de datos. \n* En comunicación social y periodismo, como un conjunto de mensajes intercambiados por individuos de una sociedad con fines organizativos concretos. Los datos sensoriales una vez percibidos y procesados constituyen una información que cambia el estado de conocimiento, eso permite a los individuos o sistemas que poseen dicho estado nuevo de conocimiento tomar decisiones pertinentes acordes a dicho conocimiento. Desde el punto de vista de la ciencia de la computación, la información es un conocimiento explícito extraído por seres vivos o sistemas expertos como resultado de interacción con el entorno o percepciones sensibles del mismo entorno. En principio la información, a diferencia de los datos o las percepciones sensibles, tienen estructura útil que modificará las sucesivas interacciones del que posee dicha información con su entorno.

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Information (shortened as info) is that which informs. In other words, it is the answer to a question of some kind. It is also related to data and knowledge, as data represents values attributed to parameters, and knowledge signifies understanding of real things or abstract concepts. As it regards data, the information's existence is not necessarily coupled to an observer (it exists beyond an event horizon, for example), while in the case of knowledge, the information requires a cognitive observer. At its most fundamental, information is any propagation of cause and effect within a system. Information is conveyed either as the content of a message or through direct or indirect observation of some thing. That which is perceived can be construed as a message in its own right, and in that sense, information is always conveyed as the content of a message. Information can be encoded into various forms for transmission and interpretation (for example, information may be encoded into a sequence of signs, or transmitted via a sequence of signals). It can also be encrypted for safe storage and communication. Information resolves uncertainty. The uncertainty of an event is measured by its probability of occurrence and is inversely proportional to that. The more uncertain an event, the more information is required to resolve uncertainty of that event. The bit is a typical unit of information, but other units such as the nat may be used. Example: information in one "fair" coin flip: log2(2/1) = 1 bit, and in two fair coin flips islog2(4/1) = 2 bits. The concept that information is the message has different meanings in different contexts. Thus the concept of information becomes closely related to notions of constraint, communication, control, data, form, education, knowledge, meaning, understanding, mental stimuli, pattern, perception, representation, and entropy.

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