El bulbo raquídeo o médula oblonga es el más bajo de los tres segmentos del tronco del encéfalo, situándose entre el puente troncoencefálico o protuberancia anular, por arriba, y la médula espinal, por debajo. Presenta la forma de un cono truncado de vértice inferior, de tres centímetros de longitud aproximadamente. Sus funciones incluyen la transmisión de impulsos de la médula espinal al encéfalo. También se controlan las funciones cardiacas, respiratorias, gastrointestinales y vasoconstrictoras.

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The medulla oblongata (or medulla) is located in the hindbrain, anterior to the cerebellum. The medulla oblongata is a cone-shaped neuronal mass responsible for multiple autonomic (involuntary) functions ranging from vomiting to sneezing. The medulla contains the cardiac, respiratory, vomiting and vasomotor centers and therefore deals with the autonomic functions of breathing, heart rate and blood pressure. The bulb is an archaic term for the medulla oblongata and in modern clinical usage the word bulbar (as in bulbar palsy) is retained for terms that relate to the medulla oblongata, particularly in reference to medical conditions. The word bulbar can refer to the nerves and tracts connected to the medulla, and also by association to those muscles innervated, such as those of the tongue, pharynx and larynx.

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