Haibutsu kishaku (廃仏毀釈 ''Haibutsu kishaku''? , literalmente “abolir el budismo y destruir a Shākyamuni”) es un término japonés que describe una corriente existente durante la historia de Japón que proclama la expulsión del budismo de Japón. Más específicamente, también indica a un movimiento particular y eventos históricos específicos basados en dicha ideología que, durante la Restauración Meiji, provocó la destrucción de templos, imágenes y textos budistas y forzó el regreso a la vida secular a los monjes budistas.

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An early example of haibutsu kishaku is the Mononobe clan's anti-Buddhist policies during the time of Buddhism's early introduction to Japan in the Kofun period. The Mononobe were opposed to the spread of Buddhism not on religious grounds, but rather because of nationalism and xenophobia. The Nakatomi clan, ancestors of the Fujiwara, were allies of the Mononobe in their opposition to Buddhism. Another example is the policies of temple closure and monk defrocking of the Okayama, Aizu, and Mito Domains, also adopted for political and economic, rather than religious, reasons during the early modern period. These domainal policies were in general based on Confucian anti-Buddhist thought. The Meiji period form of haibutsu kishaku, based on kokugaku and Shinto-centrism, was instead dictated by a desire to distinguish between foreign Buddhism and a purely Japanese Shinto.

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