La propiedad industrial es un conjunto de derechos que puede poseer una persona física o jurídica sobre una invención (patente, modelo de utilidad, topografía de productos semiconductores, certificados complementarios de protección de medicamentos y productos fitosanitarios), un diseño industrial, un signo distintivo (marca o nombre comercial), etc. Otorga dos tipos de derechos: en primer lugar el derecho a utilizar la invención, diseño o signo distintivo, y en segundo lugar el derecho a prohibir que un tercero lo haga. El derecho de prohibir (Ius prohibendi) es la parte más destacada de la propiedad industrial y permite al titular del derecho el solicitar el pago de una licencia, también llamada regalía o royalty. Posee límites temporales, pues casi todos los derechos de propiedad industrial tienen una duración máxima, y territoriales pues sólo tienen validez en el territorio donde se han concedido (normalmente, pero no exclusivamente, un país) Otros límites al derecho de prohibir son el agotamiento del derecho, por el cual una vez comercializado con permiso del titular o habiendo cobrado la indemnización no se puede impedir la posterior venta; el uso con fines experimentales y no comerciales, la entrada temporal en el país de un medio de locomoción matriculado en el extranjero, etc. El Convenio de París y el Acuerdo sobre Derechos de la Propiedad Intelectual relacionados con el Comercio son los dos acuerdos internacionales de mayor peso sobre la propiedad industrial.

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Intellectual rights (from "French: droits intellectuels") is a term sometimes used to refer to the legal protection afforded to owners of intellectual capital. This notion is more commonly referred to as "intellectual property", though "intellectual rights" more aptly describes the nature of the protections afforded by most nations. Both terms were used in Europe during the 19th century as a means of distinguishing between two different views of intellectual protection. "Intellectual property" was generally used to advocate a belief that copyrights and patents should provide rights akin to physical property rights. The term "intellectual rights" was used by those who felt that such protection should take the form of temporary, limited grants. Although most modern copyright systems do not treat copyrighted or patented materials in the same way as real property, the term "intellectual property" has gained prominence. For more on this subject, see "intellectual property". Also, at least three different kinds of capital and rights are involved: \n* creativity (individual capital) which implies rights to benefit from one's free expression \n* invention (instructional capital) which implies rights to benefit from having created some more efficient device or process \n* reputation (social capital) which implies rights not to have one's name or specific distinguishing tagline or ethic sullied by imitators or rivals All three capital terms predate the term intellectual capital, which appears to be a 19th-century artifact of early, now-discredited, economic theory. In 20th-century Europe also originated another more modern approach, intended to sweep away the differences between the historical "Intellectual Property" and "Intellectual Rights" camps, allowing every creator both perpetual and temporary rights: \n* Moral rights became the unalienable part of the rights every author was entitled to. These rights could generally not be waived; \n* All other intellectual property rights were to become both limited in time and tradeable. Note that this is one of the chief differences between U.S. and EU approach towards Intellectual property rights up till the early 21st century, in that the crystallisation of this modern approach (the Berne Convention for the Protection of Literary and Artistic Works) is still only partially put in practice in the U.S., and, where applied, this is done largely outside the legislation regarding IP. Thoughts on Intellectual Rights

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