La oligarquía, (del griego ὀλιγαρχία (oligarkía); derivado de ὀλίγος (olígos), que significa "pocos", y ἄρχω (arko), que significa "regular o comandar") en la ciencia política, es una forma de gobierno en la que el poder supremo está en manos de unas pocas personas, generalmente de la misma clase social. Los escritores políticos de la antigua Grecia emplearon el término para designar la forma degenerada y negativa de aristocracia (etimológicamente, gobierno de los mejores). Estrictamente, la oligarquía surgirá cuando la sucesión de un sistema aristocrático se perpetúe por transferencia sanguínea o mítica, sin que las cualidades éticas y de dirección de los mejores surjan como mérito reconocido por la comunidad, esta definición muy cercana a la de monarquía y más todavía a la de nobleza.

Leer el artículo completo en Wikipedia · CC-BY-SA

Oligarchy (from Greek ὀλιγαρχία (oligarkhía); from ὀλίγος (olígos), meaning "few", and ἄρχω (arkho), meaning "to rule or to command") is a form of power structure in which power effectively rests with a small number of people. These people might be distinguished by nobility, wealth, family ties, education or corporate, religious or military control. Such states are often controlled by a few prominent families who typically pass their influence from one generation to the next, but inheritance is not a necessary condition for the application of this term. Throughout history, oligarchies have often been tyrannical, relying on public obedience or oppression to exist. Aristotle pioneered the use of the term as a synonym for rule by the rich, for which another term commonly used today is plutocracy. Especially during the fourth century BC, after the restoration of democracy from oligarchical coups, the Athenians used the drawing of lots for selecting government officers in order to counteract what the Athenians saw as a tendency toward oligarchy in government if a professional governing class were allowed to use their skills for their own benefit. They drew lots from large groups of adult volunteers that pick selection technique for civil servants performing judicial, executive, and administrative functions (archai, boulē, and hēliastai). They even used lots for posts, such as judges and jurors in the political courts (nomothetai), which had the power to overrule the Assembly.

Leer el artículo completo en Wikipedia · CC-BY-SA