El castigo es una sanción o pena impuesta a una comunidad o individuo que causa molestias o padecimientos, motivo por lo que se ejecuta una acción, que puede ser física o verbal, directa o indirecta, contra quien ha cometido una falta o delito. El castigo se aplica según se incumplan las normas o conductas morales establecidas (desde un nivel de la sociedad en general, hasta el ámbito intrafamiliar, incluyendo el "auto-castigo") Según el rango de severidad, existen castigos que pueden causar dolor físico o moral a una persona, e incluso llegar a la mortificación al corregir duramente, o todo lo contrario.

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Child discipline is the methods used to prevent future behavioral problems in children. The word discipline is defined as imparting knowledge and skill, in other words, to teach. In its most general sense, discipline refers to systematic instruction given to a disciple. To discipline means to instruct a person to follow a particular code of conduct. Discipline is used by parents to teach their children about expectations, guidelines and principles. Children need to be given regular discipline to be taught right from wrong and to be maintained safe. Child discipline can involve rewards and punishments to teach self-control, increase desirable behaviors and decrease undesirable behaviors. While the purpose of child discipline is to develop and entrench desirable social habits in children, the ultimate goal is to foster sound judgement and morals so the child develops and maintains self-discipline throughout the rest of his/her life. Because the values, beliefs, education, customs and cultures of people vary so widely, along with the age and temperament of the child, methods of child discipline vary widely. Child discipline is a topic that draws from a wide range of interested fields, such as parenting, the professional practice of behavior analysis, developmental psychology, social work, and various religious perspectives. In recent years, advances in the understanding of attachment parenting have provided a new background of theoretical understanding and advanced clinical and practical understanding of the effectiveness and outcome of parenting methods. In Western society, there has been debate in recent years over the use of corporal punishment for children in general, and increased attention to the concept of "positive parenting" where good behavior is encouraged and rewarded.

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